Craniofacial Developmental Atlas of Protein Expression of the House Finch

Expression of IHH across the house finch beak at stages HH29/30, HH32, HH36, HH39 and HH42.

HH29/30

IHH expression at HH29/30

IHH (red stain) expression is localized with weak cytoplasmic expression in both (2) the upper jaw and (6) the lower jaw. (1) Blood cells show medium cytoplasmic expression. Most expression is localized in potential myogenic areas that show (3) medium and (4, 5) high cytoplasmic expression. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH29/30 here.

HH32

IHH expression at HH32

IHH (red stain) shows scarce epithelium expression with (1) some areas of low cytoplasmic expression. (2, 3) Cartilage contains weak cytoplasmic expression, but perichondrogenic area shows stronger expression. (3, 4) Very strong expression in muscle tissue. (5) Medium cytoplasmic expression in cell condensation that will form Meckel's cartilage. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH32 here.

HH36

IHH expression at HH36

IHH (red stain) shows weak cytoplasmic expression in top region of the upper jaw with more localized expression in the lower jaw. (1) Low expression in nasal conchae and medium expression in developing premaxillary cartilage with no expression in adjacent mesenchyme. (2) Moderate cytoplasmic expression in emerging osteogenic region and weak expression in epithelium surrounding nasal cavity but no expression in mesenchyme. Strong cytoplasmic expression in muscle (3) adjacent to nasal cartilage, which shows weak expression, (4) surrounding basihyal cartilage, with the latter showing moderate expression and (5) next to epithelium. (6) Moderate cytoplasmic expression in developing Meckel's cartilage with absent to moderate to high expression in surrounding mesenchyme. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH36 here.

HH39

IHH expression at HH39

IHH (red stain) is locally expressed in upper jaw with more widely distributed weak cytoplasmic expression in the lower jaw. (1) Nasal cartilage with high cytoplasmic expression, no expression in adjacent mesenchyme but moderate to (2) high expression in emerging osteogenic region. (3) Premaxillary and (5) Meckel's cartilage with moderate cytoplasmic expression and no expression in surrounding mesenchyme or epithelium. (4) Developing paraglossal cartilage with high expression, low expression in mesenchymal cells and moderate expression in epithelium. (6) Moderate to high expression in developing osteogenic region adjacent to Meckel's cartilage with medium cytoplasmic expression. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH39 here.

HH42

IHH expression at HH42

IHH (red stain) shows almost no expression in mesenchyme of upper and lower jaw. (1) Nasal cartilage with medium cytoplasmic expression. (2) Weak cytoplasmic expression in osteogenic region with moderate expression in surrounding periosteogenic areas. (3) Nasal conchae and surrounding cartilage show strong cytoplasmic expression and weak cytoplasmic expression in adjacent mesenchyme. (4) Basihyal cartilage with moderate cytoplasmic expression, weak cytoplasmic expression in surrounding mesenchyme and strong expression in muscle tissue. (5) Paraglossal cartilage with strong cytoplasmic expression and weak expression in epithelium and perichondrogenic area. (6) Strong cytoplasmic expression in muscle and inner epithelium. Weak expression in dermal condensations, mesenchyme and outer epithelium. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH42 here.