Protein β-catenin

HH29/30

β-catenin expression at HH29/30

β-catenin (brown stain) shows overall weak cytoplasmic and nuclear expression across the upper and lower jaws with (1) high nuclear expression at the tip in mesenchymal cells and both high cytoplasmic and nuclear epithelial expression. No expression in blood cells. (2) Low cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in the upper jaw. (3) Low cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in the lower jaw, with Meckel's cartilage condensation not formed yet. (4) Medium nuclear expression along the outer edge of the tip in the mesenchyme cells and medium cytoplasmic and nuclear epithelial expression. (5) Medium cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in condensations that will become future myogenic areas. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH29/30 here.

HH32

β-catenin expression at HH32

β-catenin (brown stain) is weakly present in the cytoplasm and nucleus across both the upper and lower jaw with (1 , 2) high expression across the outer edge of the upper jaw and (1) medium expression in potential muscle condensation. (3) Low cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in a large condensation of the maxillary prominence with medium expression at the borderline perichondrogenic area in the upper jaw. Medium expression across the outer edge of the lower jaw. (4) Low cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in the basihyal cartilage of the mandibular prominence with medium expression in the perichondrogenic area. High cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in (4, 5) myogenic areas and (6) in the mesenchyme at the tip of the lower jaw. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH32 here.

HH36

β-catenin expression at HH36

β-catenin (brown stain) overall weak cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. (1, 6) High cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in epithelium and nearby mesenchyme across the outer edge of the upper and lower jaw. (2) No expression in some areas of the developing nasal cartilage. Medium cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in (3) cell condensation and (4) epithelial buds. Absence of expression in (5) basihyal cartilage and medium cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in (5, 6) myogenic areas. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH36 here.

HH39

β-catenin expression at HH39

β-catenin (brown stain) hows overall weak cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in the mesenchyme and moderate to strong expression in the epithelium. (1, 5) Enriched nuclear expression in mesenchyme subjacent to epithelial prominences. (2, 3) Moderate expression in nasal epithelium and conchae with no expression in nasal cartilage and weak expression in surrounding mesenchyme. (4) Strong cytoplasmic, membranal and nuclear expression in epithelium at the tip with strong cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in overlaying mesenchyme. (6) Meckel's cartilage shows no expression. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH39 here.

HH42

β-catenin expression at HH42

β-catenin (brown stain) shows overall weak cytoplasmic expression with moderate to high cytoplasmic and nuclear or cytoplasmic, nuclear and membranal epithelial expression. (1) Medium cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in emerging osteogenic region and border of dermal condensation, epithelium with strong expression. Moderate nuclear expression in dermal condensation. (2) No expression in nasal cartilage and medium cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in adjacent myogenic area. (3) Cartilage with no expression, weak cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in perichondrogenic area and strong cytoplasmic, nuclear and membranal expression in epithelium surrounding nasal conchae. (4) Medium cytoplasmic, nuclear and membranal expression in epithelium at the tip, weak cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in perichondrogenic area and only weak cytoplasmic expression in surrounding mesenchyme. (5) Paraglossal cartilage with no expression and weak cytoplasmic expression in mesenchymal cells. (6) Moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in muscle and outer layer of dermal condensation followed by moderate nuclear and no expression. Scale bars are 50µm. See expression of all proteins at stage HH42 here.